Nutrient composition(s) and system(s) for individualized, responsive dosing regimens

ABSTRACT

Individualized responsive dosing nutrient systems, compositions, methods of dosing, and processes of producing the same, which allow a consumer to generate individualistic biological responses/effects. More specifically, a nutrient system for generating individualized biological conditions/responses which utilizes ultra-low dosage amounts of vitamins, minerals, amino acids, co-enzymes, organics substrates, inorganic or synthetic substrates, biological components, and/or other nutrients incorporated in a bio-active delivery system which preferably avoids first pass metabolism, such that an individual may take multiple doses of the same or different nutrients based on varying desired biological response within each dosing period.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/483,208, filed Jul. 7, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,727,546, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/868,149, filed Jun. 15, 2004, now abandoned, which claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application, Ser. No. 60/561,097, filed on Apr. 8, 2004, now abandoned.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present technology relates generally to individualized, responsive dosing nutrient products and/or systems, compositions, methods of treatment, and processes of producing the same, which allow a consumer to target identifiable, individualistic biological conditions or attendant responses thereto. More specifically, the present technology relates to a nutrient product and/or system for targeting individualized biological conditions or attendant responses which utilizes ultra-low dosage amounts of vitamins, minerals, amino acids, co-enzymes, stimulants, and/or similar ingredients in a highly bio-active delivery system, such that an individual may take multiple doses of the same or different nutrient mixture based on varying biological need or desired response within each 24 hour period.

BACKGROUND

Vitamins, minerals, amino acids, co-enzymes and the like are compounds required by an animal or human body in varying amounts for the purposes of metabolism, biophysiological repair, immunity, growth, and cellular function and/or reproduction. These compounds also assist in the formation or control of hormones, blood cells, nervous-system chemicals, and genetic material.

Vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and co-enzymes are often referred to as nutrients, defined herein as a substance or ingredient which may be found in food which imparts a medicinal or health benefit. The various nutrient compounds are not chemically related, and most differ in their physiological actions. They generally act as catalysts, combining with proteins (or other biological substrates) to create metabolically active enzymes (or other biological components) that in turn produce hundreds of important chemical reactions and responses throughout an animal or human body. Without nutrients, many of these reactions would slow down or cease. The intricate ways in which nutrients act on the body, however, are still far from clear. The Food and Nutrition Board of the National Research Council replaced and expanded the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) with Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) to provide recommended vitamin, mineral, or other nutrient intakes for use in a variety of settings for humans.

The DRIs are actually a set of four reference values: Estimated Average Requirements (EAR), Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA), Adequate Intakes (AI), and Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL). These values serve as recommended dosage levels for vitamins, minerals, or other nutrients. Currently there are no DRI's for intake of caffeine and other stimulants, or for L-glutamine or L-arginine. However, the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institute of Health recommend, for example, that for caffeine, no more than 200 milligrams should be taken every three or four hours by an adult human, and that an adult human should not take more than 1600 mg in a twenty-four hour period. Additionally, L-arginine is typically provided in dietary supplements in dosages of about 100 milligrams, and L-glutamine in dosages of about 500 milligrams, pursuant to the guidelines of the United States Food & Drug Administration.

Pharmanutrients are generally referred to and described herein as a vitamin, mineral, amino acid, herb, botanical, or dietary substance which may be further delivered in some manner with or incorporated with a pharmacologically active ingredient for use to supplement an animal or human diet, treat an animal or human biological condition or disease state condition, or used to generate a biological response. Additionally, a pharmacologically active ingredient is generally referred to and described herein as any drug component that is intended to furnish pharmacological activity or other direct effect in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, or to affect the structure or function of the body of a human or animal. Thus, a pharmacologically active ingredient envisions not only prescription medications, but those that are considered non-prescription and/or over-the-counter (OTC) medications as well.

Dietary supplements are generally nutrient mixtures commonly taken in single standard and/or mega-dose dosage forms which contain vitamin, mineral, co-enzyme, amino-acid and other nutrient doses equal to or over the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) values. Although standard and/or mega-dose regimens are a common practice for the prevention of disease, there is a great deal of debate in the literature and medical community regarding the efficacy of such regimens. Moreover, consuming conventional large doses (i.e., standard or mega-dose) of vitamins, minerals, or other nutrients, in the absence of some deficiency and/or disease state, or without proper medical supervision, may cause harmful toxic effects and/or result in hypervitaminosis. The same can also be said of currently available pharmacologically active ingredients with or without conventional dosing and/or medical supervision with respect to the dosing regimens of those materials and their attendant side effect profiles.

Additionally, a consumer usually has little choice in choosing the variety of ingredients, dosage levels, or dosing regimens of a conventional dietary supplement, nutrient, or pharmanutrient product. Conventional dietary supplements, for example, tableted vitamins, may be effective for a general nutrient supplementation purpose, but usually provide an excess of vitamins, minerals, stimulants, or other ingredients which a consumer does not desire or require. Further, those same supplements may not adequately target an individual's specific dietary need or desired biological response at any given time. Moreover, conventional dosage forms of dietary supplements, nutrients, and pharmanutrients typically only allow a consumer to take one or two doses per any given twenty-four (24) hour period. As a result, conventional dietary supplements and pharmanutrients fail to recognize that the physiological state and resultant nutrient or pharmacologically active ingredient requirements of any single individual can depend upon and fluctuate based upon a number of different biophysical variables during the course of each day or dosing regimen period. For example, individual variations in diet as well as the amount and intensity of physical activity, provide physical and chemical stimuli that stress various systems of the body to differing degrees from one person to the next on any given day. Thus, conventional “one size fits all” nutrient, pharmanutrient, and individual pharmacological active ingredient mega-dose dosage forms/regimens are not amenable to empirical, individualized dosage adjustment to achieve an individualized biophysiological objective or response for various biological conditions or events.

Another drawback with most conventional dietary supplements, nutrients, or pharmanutrient product/systems is that they suffer from poor degrees and/or rates at which the various nutrients or active ingredients contained therein are absorbed into the systemic circulation of the human or animal body and made available for biophysiological activity (e.g., “bioavailability”). These degrees or rates of bioavailability typically depend upon the dose, dosage form, and method of administration of the various nutrients or active ingredients to the human or animal body.

One particular barrier to efficient nutrient or pharmacologically active ingredient bioavailability is “first-pass metabolism”, which is defined herein to mean a process in which the nutrient compound(s) or pharmacologically active ingredient(s) are modified, activated, or inactivated before they enter the systemic circulation, or is left unchanged and excreted. Alternatively, first-pass metabolism may be defined as the intestinal and hepatic degradation or alteration of a drug (i.e., pharmacologically active ingredient), nutrient, or other substance orally, and after absorption, removing some of the absorbed substance (i.e., active ingredient or nutrient) from the blood before it enters the general circulation to generate a biological response or effect.

For example, it is believed by some within the medical and dietary supplement communities that one significant drawback to “mega-dosing” of vitamins, minerals, other nutrients or pharmacologically active ingredients/drugs is that increased dosages may not be adequately absorbed into the human or animal body, or may actually decrease absorption. Thus, available transport mechanisms may become saturated and unable to absorb excess dose. Additionally, another drawback to vitamin, mineral, or drug delivery via a conventional tablet or capsule is that differences in luminal pH along the gastrointestinal tract lining, surface area per luminal volume, blood perfusion, presence of bile and mucus, and the nature of epithelial membranes may prevent efficient absorption, activation, and the like of a nutrient or drug, thereby decreasing the bioavailability of each. Additionally, as side effects are increased and/or the desired biological response, effect, or affect is decreased, individuals taking such conventional “mega-dose” supplements or pharmanutrients tend to become mal- or non-compliant. Thus, the current norm for temporal dynamics associated with such conventional therapies is lessened or prevented.

To compensate for first pass metabolism effects, some previous efforts have been directed to enterically coated tablets or capsular dosage forms which pass through the stomach unaltered to disintegrate in the lower intestines to attempt to achieve increased absorption of the nutrient or drug. However, aside from a delayed biophysiologic response as gastric emptying becomes rate-limiting, gastric irritability, and potential allergic reactions from the ingestion of such coating materials generally occur. Further, enterically coated delayed release dosage forms must dissolve and typically be absorbed within a narrow time frame. As a result, the human or animal body typically excretes the non-absorbed nutrient or drug rather than fully absorb and utilize either.

Additional previous attempts at minimizing first pass metabolism effects to increase the bioavailability of a nutrient or pharmacologically active ingredient have also been directed to continuous or gradual release dosage forms. U.S. Pat. No. 4,882,167, to Jang, discloses dry direct compressed products for controlled release of actives including vitamins or minerals. However, the compositions and methods of the Jang patent do not provide for ultra-low dosage amounts of vitamins or minerals, dosing flexibility, or a type of system, composition, or method for individualized, responsive dosing based on a desired and/or targeted biological response/effect/affect.

WO 99/17753 discloses rapidly dissolving films for delivery of drugs to be adsorbed in the digestive tract. U.S. Pat. No. 6,596,298, to Leung, discloses consumable oral care films which may optionally contain active amounts of pharmacologically active ingredients/drugs. However, these patents do not utilize vitamins or minerals, and more specifically, ultra-low dosage amounts of nutrients which would operate to provide flexibility for individualized dosing alone, or in conjunction or concert with, or in combination with a drug. Moreover, these products or processes do not provide a system or selection for varying the type or level of dosage depending on a biological response/effect/affect desired.

Therefore, there is presently a need for an efficient process for producing a nutrient composition, dosing regimen and delivery system that is capable of individualized biologically responsive dosing (i.e., dosing based upon empirical analysis and adjustment), which is available in a suitable dosage form, and preferably is efficiently absorbed and made bioavailable to animal or human tissue. Additionally, there is presently a need for a treatment method for managing finely tuned biological needs and responses which utilizes ultra-low dosage amounts of nutrients, substantially avoids first-pass metabolism, and allows for varied dosage/dosing regimens within each dosing period (e.g., 24 hours, 6 hours, 1 hour, 30 minutes, etc.).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the presently described technology provide one or more of the following advantageous features and/or objects:

-   -   (1) Production of varied and separate nutrient composition         series that are configured to generate discrete types of         biological responses/effects/affects in the body;     -   (2) Production of a range or series of ranges of nutrient         compositions containing varying levels or ranges of nutrient and         optionally containing varying levels or ranges of         pharmacologically active ingredients administered separately,         but in conjunction or concert with each other in a variety of         final compositions and dosage forms individually, or         incorporated together into a variety of final compositions and         dosage forms to generate varying levels or ranges of biological         responses/effects/affects in an animal or human body;     -   (3) Efficient rate of absorption into an animal or human body to         improve bioavailability, biokinetics, and biodelivery;     -   (4) Efficient bioavailability of multiple vitamins, minerals,         amino acids, co-enzymes, other nutrient compounds, and/or drugs         and the like in concert;     -   (5) Avoidance of first pass metabolism effects, transport         mechanism saturation, or excretion of significant amounts of a         nutrient composition;     -   (6) A biological response equivalent nutrient dosing unit that         does not approach RDA or UL amounts, but is still effective in         enhancing the overall well being of an individual and generating         a biological response;     -   (7) The ability to take multiple doses of a single finely tuned         nutrient composition as need varies within each desired time         period (i.e., week, day, hour, minute and the like); and     -   (8) The ability to take multiple doses of different finely tuned         nutrient compositions as different needs develop during each         week, day, and/or hour.

Other objects and advantages of the presently disclosed technology will become apparent to those skilled in the art who have the benefit of this specification and the prior art.

In preferred embodiments of the presently described technology, there are provided processes for producing an individualized responsive dosing nutrient system(s) and processes, the resultant products of such processes, compositions for use in an individualized responsive dosing nutrient system(s), and a method for generating a biological response utilizing such a system(s).

The process for producing an individualized responsive dosing nutrient system(s) preferably first comprises a starting water source which preferably contains beneficial, but ultra low dosage levels of at least one mineral, and optionally at least one nitrate and at least one nitrite. A base mixture is then added containing at least two vitamins and/or minerals, which are selected from a group of two or more base compositions configured to generate one or more pre-determined biological responses/effects/affects, and optionally at least one pharmacologically active ingredient (i.e., drug). The base mixture is preferably selected based on a desired biological response/effect/affect basis for the finished nutrient composition. A pre-mix composition, which is preferably of a constant compositional make-up during different formulating stages of the process, is then added or, alternatively, is added as part of the base mixture. Alternatively, the pre-mix composition may be added in different formulating stages of the process as described herein at different concentrations as a function of the specific affects/effects/responses as desired.

It will also be understood that the base mixture can also optionally be varied in intensity or effectiveness by aging the base mixture for a period of time ranging from about 48 hours to about 240 hours. By aging the base mixture, it has been observed that the effects in the ranges as described in Example 15 below could be achieved and/or maintained. It is believed that the life span or shelf-life of the base mixture alone is approximately twenty-eight days if base mixture aging is utilized in the spirit and scope of the presently described technology.

Optionally, the mixture comprising the water, base mixture, and pre-mix, may then be further diluted based on a pre-determined dilution factor, to vary the ultimate dosage levels in the finished nutrient composition. Alternatively, the amount of base mixture may be varied during processing based on a pre-determined multiplier.

Then, the mixture containing water, base mixture, and pre-mix, and optionally further water, is configured into or onto a delivery system (such as, but not limited to an oral film) which substantially avoids first-pass metabolism, to form a finished single nutrient composition. Additionally, it is preferable that the dosage level of any vitamin, mineral, amino acid, co-enzyme, or other nutrient contained in the finished nutrient compositions of the presently described technology be less than 25% of the RDA or UL for such vitamin, mineral, amino acid, co-enzyme, or other nutrient. More preferably, the dosage levels are less than 10%, 1%, or 0.1% of RDA or UL for each nutrient. In the most preferred instances, the dosage levels are less than 0.001% or less than 0.0001% of RDA or UL. Preferably, however, the dosage levels are at least 1×10⁻⁷% of RDA or UL. An illustrative formulation for a finished single dose (5 drops) of a final nutrient formulation without incorporation of a pharmacologically active ingredient in a liquid delivery system of the present technology is given in Example 17, below.

Finally, the foregoing process steps may be repeated one or more times, more preferably five or more times, and most preferably, ten or more times, and either a different base mixture is selected, or a different dilution or base multiplication factor is selected, or base aging is utilized to produce a system/series of nutrient compositions capable of being utilized for individualized biological responsive dosing.

Accordingly, at least one embodiment of the present technology provides a process for producing a nutrient system for individualized responsive dosing comprising the steps of: (a) providing an amount of water; (b) adding a base composition, wherein (i) the base composition comprises at least two vitamins or minerals and optionally at least one pharmacologically active ingredient; (ii) the base composition is selected from a group of two or more base-compositions configured to generate one or more pre-determined biological effects; and (iii) optionally at least one nutrient group; (c) adding a pre-mix composition comprising a blend of at least one vitamin; and at least one mineral; (d) optionally diluting an intermediate mixture of water, base composition, and pre-mix composition by a dilution factor; (e) configuring the mixture comprising the water, base composition, and pre-mix composition into a final formulation or formulations which substantially avoids first-pass metabolism, wherein the final formulation or formulations comprise between about 1×10⁻⁷% of the RDA, DV, or UL to about 1% of the RDA, DV, or UL of any vitamin, mineral, amino acid, or co-enzyme; and repeating steps (a)-(e) one or more times by utilizing a different base composition or a different dilution factor.

Other embodiments of the presently described technology set forth below illustrate the resultant products of such a process(es) for the production of an individualized responsive dosing nutrient system, as well as specific base mixtures and pre-mix compositions for use in such process and system(s).

For example, one base mixture embodiment of the present technology provides a base mixture for producing an individualized responsive dosing nutrient composition or system wherein, (a) the base mixture is configured to generate one or more pre-determined biological effects; (b) the base mixture comprises two or more vitamins or minerals; and (c) the base mixture is configured to provide no more than about 1% of the RDA, DV, or UL of any vitamin or mineral in a finished formulation. In some embodiments, the base mixture may further comprise at least one pharmacologically active ingredient.

As another example, one pre mix embodiment of the present technology provides a pre-mix composition for use in an individualized responsive dosing nutrient composition, wherein (a) the pre-mix composition comprises two or more compounds selected from the group consisting of: vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin H, folic acid, copper, iron, potassium iodide, calcium carbonate, zinc, amino acids, co-enzyme Q-10, and derivatives thereof; and (b) the pre-mix composition is configured to provide no more than 1% of the RDA, DV, or UL of any vitamin, mineral, amino acid, or co-enzyme in each dose of a finished individualized responsive dosing nutrient formulation.

Additionally, there is presently described a method for individualized responsive dosing to generate a biological response/effect/affect or to treat a biological condition, comprising the steps of providing a selection of one or more nutrient formulations in delivery systems which substantially avoid first pass metabolism and which provide two or more vitamins, minerals, amino acids, co-enzyme, or other nutrients in amounts preferably less than 10% or 1% of RDA or UL, more preferably less than 0.01% of RDA or UL, and most preferably less than 0.0001% of RDA or UL, a water source preferably comprising at least one mineral and/or other nutrients, optionally a sufficient amount of a pharmacologically active ingredient (i.e., drug), and optionally at least one nitrate and/or at least one nitrite in amounts preferably less than 0.001% of RDA or UL. Preferably, however, the dosage levels for nutrients within the nutrient composition of the presently described technology are at least 1×10⁻⁷% of RDA or UL.

In another embodiment of the present technology, an individualized responsive nutrient dosing treatment method is provided that comprises selecting from two or more nutrient formulations in delivery systems which substantially avoid first pass metabolism, wherein each member of a selection of nutrient formulations comprises: (a) five or more vitamins, minerals, amino acids, or co-enzyme Q-10 in amounts no greater than about 1% of the RDA, DV, or UL; (b) water; and (c) optionally at least one pharmacologically active ingredient; wherein, any selected nutrient formulation is separately configured to generate a pre-determined biological response and wherein, the nutrient formulation may be taken by an individual two or more times within each day.

The one or more nutrient compositions and/or systems are preferably separately configured to generate one or more pre-determined biological responses/effects/affects, including, but not limited to general metabolic system control and modulation, stress-relief, cellular metabolism, preventative or remedial anti-aging, hormonal release, improved cardiovascular outcomes (e.g., decreased hypertension and decreased atherosclerotic plaque deposition), energy conservation, modulated neurochemical release or uptake, energy utilization, glucose modulation, energy enhancement, cellular repair, enhanced memory, enhanced cognitive function, calmness, awareness, elimination or excretion of cellular or tissue by-products (e.g., ammonia), stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, fatigue relief, enhanced immune response modulation, antioxidation, liver detoxification, alcohol metabolism, modulation of tissue catabolic activity, syndrome metabolism modulation, fertility modulation, improved lymphatic system control, satiety modulation, weight modulation, oxygen metabolism modulation, pyruvate/lactic acid metabolism modulation, mitochondrial function modulation, and digestive enhancement.

Additional embodiments are disclosed in the detailed description provided below. While the presently described technology will be provided in connection with one or more preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the presently described technology is not limited to those embodiments. To the contrary, the presently described technology includes all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a chart comparing the average heart-rate measurements (for all subjects and both testing sessions) for those subjects taking the placebo and those taking the claimed nutrient formulation, at each testing stage.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

It has been unexpectedly and surprisingly discovered that the dose of a vitamin(s), mineral(s), or other nutritional supplement ingredient(s), and/or a pharmacologically active ingredient(s), when adapted for delivery via a unitary dosage form (or alternatively separate dosage forms provided in conjunction or concert with one another in the described manners below) that substantially avoids first pass metabolism, may be significantly reduced (relative to conventionally utilized dosages) while still producing a desired beneficial effect/biological response/biological affect. As a result, the nutrient ingredients and potentially, the pharmacologically active ingredients of a nutrient formulation may be provided at substantially lower levels (i.e., ultra-low levels) than those recommended by the government (i.e., United States Food & Drug Administration) as a raw material standard (RDA, UL, UDA, etc.) for nutrients or standard doses regarding accepted and approved drug components.

Furthermore, it has been surprisingly discovered that such ultra-low dosage levels and bioactive delivery systems allow nutrient compounds to be repeatedly and flexibly administered to an animal or human for the enhancement and augmentation of those biological functions known to be influenced by any of the individual components. These biological functions include without limitation those processes associated with: cellular metabolism including nucleic acid and amino acid metabolism; energy metabolism including energy conversion, utilization, and enhancement; syndrome metabolism, oxygen metabolism; mental acuity including memory and cognitive function; elimination of cellular or tissue by-products (e.g., ammonia); immune response regulation; the nervous system including neuromuscular production, transmission propagation, and/or repair (e.g., neurodegenerative states); hormonal responses including stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis or regulation of glucose production and consumption; management of peripheral and central fatigue including the enhancement of antioxidant defense systems; the mitigation of episodic and/or chronic stress; and detoxification by the liver including increased alcohol metabolism.

Specifically, it is believed that due to the unique combination of ultra-low nutrient dosage levels in combination and/or in concert with pharmacologically active ingredients utilized in the present technology, a specific composition may be taken by an individual or prescribed by a health care provider multiple times within each dosing period (e.g., within each 24 hour, 6 hour, or 1 hour, or 30 minute period of time and the like). Alternatively, an individual may take or a health care provider may prescribe multiple, different nutrient compositions of the present technology within a dosing period to generate varied biological responses, affects, or effects. Thus, the presently described technology may be utilized in a system which allows an individual or health care provider to, in essence, biologically configure one's nutrient intake throughout a dosing period or multiple dosing periods, based on their individual needs and assessed biological responses.

Accordingly, the presently described technology describes processes for producing an individualized biologically responsive dosing nutrient system and process, the resulting products of such processes, compositions for use in an individualized responsive dosing system, and a method of treatment for generating a biological response(s)/effect(s)/affect(s) utilizing the individualized responsive dosing system.

In one embodiment of the present technology, there is provided a process for producing an individualized biologically responsive dosing system that as a nutrient, first comprises a starting water source which preferably contains beneficial, but ultra-low dosages of at least one mineral and/or other nutrients, and optionally at least one nitrate and at least one nitrite. A base mixture which comprises at least two vitamins, minerals, or other nutrients, more preferably at least three vitamins or minerals, and most preferably at least five such nutrients (and optionally a pharmacologically active ingredient), is added to the water. The base mixture is preferably selected from a group of two or more base mixtures configured to generate one or more pre-determined biological effects. More preferably, the base mixture is selected from a group of five or more base mixtures, and most preferably, a group of 10 or more. The base mixture is preferably selected based on a desired biological response/effect/affect for the finished nutrient formulation.

Next, a pre-mix composition, which preferably comprises constant percentage ratios of certain vitamins, minerals, amino acids, co-enzymes, or other nutrients during processing, is either added separately or, more preferably, is included as part of the base mixture during preparation to a final, finished nutrient formulation. The pre-mix, discussed in detail below, preferably contains at least three or more, and more preferably, at least five or more, different vitamins, minerals, amino acids, co-enzymes, and/or other nutrients.

Optionally, as an alternative embodiment, an intermediate mixture comprising the water, base mixture, and pre-mix may be further diluted based on a preferably pre-determined dilution factor, to vary the ultimate dosages of the nutrients in the final formulation. This enables a manufacturer to easily create a range of dosage formulations. Alternatively, the amount of base mixture may be varied during processing based on a multiplier. Both the multiplier or dilution factor are experimentally determined. Preferably, the multiplier ranges from 20 to 40. Although not wanting to be bound by any particular theory regarding the multiplier and/or dilution factor, it is believed that because a water source is used, preferably from a known, specific source, a pre-mix, a selection of base mixtures, and a set procedure for making the strips or liquid, then a multiplier or dilution factor may be utilized to produce a series of related nutrient formulations, which can elicit a range of certain individualized biological effects/responses in an animal or human body (i.e., stimulation, arousal, drowsiness, energy, etc.) within that single series or altered utilizing a different series.

It will also be understood that the base mixture can also optionally be varied in intensity or effectiveness by aging the base mixture for a period of time ranging from about 48 hours to about 240 hours. By aging the base mixture, it has been observed that the effects in the ranges as described in Example 15 below could be achieved and/or maintained. It is believed that the life span or shelf-life of the base mixture alone is approximately twenty-eight days if base mixture aging is utilized in the spirit and scope of the presently described technology.

After any optional dilution and/or aging steps, the mixture containing water, base mixture, and pre-mix is configured into a final, finished formulation for delivery to an animal or human which substantially avoids first-pass metabolism. Suitable and preferred delivery systems are discussed in detail below. Again, while not limited to any one theory, it is believed that by utilizing a delivery system which bypasses first-pass metabolism, the vitamins, minerals, amino acids, co-enzymes, and/or other nutrients as well as pharmacologically active ingredients are more readily made available to the body (e.g., increased “bioavailability”). It is also believed that the avoidance of transport mechanism saturation and excretion of excess ingredients permits the use of much lower amounts/dosages of components than in conventional nutrients or dietary supplements, while still providing beneficial biological or therapeutic effects/responses/affects. Further, due to decreased dosages, it is believed that side effects of nutrients and pharmacologically active ingredients are minimized or prevented.

Moreover, utilizing lower amounts/dosages of ingredients allows for multiple uses of a single or related formulation, or use of another type of formulation, as an individual's biological need or desired response varies throughout each dosing period (e.g., each 24 hours, 6 hours, 1 hour, or 30 minutes period and the like). Furthermore, it is believed that such individualized responsive dosing is possible in part because the dosage level of any vitamin, mineral, amino acid, co-enzyme, or other nutrient contained in the final formulation (i.e., the final oral strip, liquid drops, capsules, troches, lozenges, etc.) of the present technology are less than about 25% of the RDA or UL of such vitamin, mineral, amino acid, co-enzyme, or other nutrient. More preferably, the dosage levels are less than about 10% or less than 1% of the RDA or UL, and most preferably, less than about 0.10% or about 0.01% of the RDA or UL. Some preferred embodiments have dosage levels of less than about 0.001% of the RDA or UL.

When referred to in the instant technology, the UL is defined as the maximum level of daily intake of any vitamin, mineral, amino acid, co-enzyme, or other nutrient component that is likely to pose no risk of adverse effects, and the RDA is defined as the Recommended Dietary Allowance. Both values are preferably those published by the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Research Council, for Males 19-30 years old. See Example 16: RDA/UL for Some Nutrients. It will be understood, however, by those skilled in the art that the present technology is not limited to those vitamins, minerals, amino acids, co-enzymes, or other nutrient components for which RDA values or UL values have been established by a governing body, and may encompass any nutrient component or composition.

Furthermore, based on known amounts of vitamin, mineral, amino acid, co-enzyme, or other nutrients in a pre-mix or base composition, a known, but optional dilution factor or multiplication factor, and further based on a selected, constant process for producing a final nutrient formulation, the final dosage amounts of any components in the final nutrient formulation of the present technology (i.e., the final oral strip, liquid drops, sprays (such as nasal sprays), capsules, coatings, troches, lozenges, etc.), can be calculated. The same optional dilution and multiplication factor calculation methodology can also be applied to the pharmaceutically active ingredient component of the presently described technology. However, it should again be understood by those skilled in the art that any dilution step is optional with respect to the inclusion of the vitamins, minerals, amino acids, co-enzymes, or other nutrients in a pre-mix or base composition. Thus, it is contemplated that various embodiments of the present technology can be final formulations in which a known dilution factor has not been applied to arrive at those formulations.

With respect to a pharmacologically active ingredient component, the present technology contemplates providing such active ingredient components with the nutrient components in a variety of dosage forms (i.e., incorporation of the components together to form one unitary dosage form, or as a separate dosage forms given together at the same time or at separate times) and types of administration modalities.

For example, in one embodiment of the present technology, the nutrient component and the pharmacologically active ingredient can be incorporated together into a final dosage form for administration as a singular dose form to an individual. In another embodiment, the nutrient component of the presently described technology can be administered as a separate dosage form to an individual followed by the administration of the pharmacologically active ingredient component in a further separate dosage form.

In yet another embodiment of the presently described technology, there is contemplated the administration of a portion of the dose of the pharmacologically active ingredient component (i.e., a bolus dose) in a separate dosage form followed by the administration of the dose of the nutrient component in a separate dosage form with subsequent administration of the remainder of the dose of the pharmacologically active ingredient in further separate dosage form. It should be understood that for this particular embodiment, the nutrient component can be given alternatively as a bolus dose in the fashion described above. Thus, the presently described technology envisages a variety of combined and singular component dosage forms, and routes of administration.

After the above described final nutrient formulation is produced, the foregoing process steps may be repeated one or more times, preferably five or more times, and most preferably, ten or more times to produce different doses of a formulation for a particular “series” of that formulation, or different types of formulations for different series to generate one or more individualized biological responses/effects/affects and/or therapeutic responses/effects/affects as desired. Thus, either a different base mixture is selected, or a different dilution or multiplication factor is selected, to produce a system of nutrient compositions capable of being utilized to generate a variety of biological responses, potency of such responses, or frequency of such responses, which are utilized in individualized, responsive dosing regimens (i.e., the various series allow for targeted biological response or therapeutic effect dosing also known herein as “bio-tuning”).

For example, a manufacturer may efficiently create a number of different series of the nutrient part of the present technology, such as illustrative Series S, Series T, Series U, Series V, Series K, Series L, Series M, Series N, Series X, and Series W, by utilizing different base mixtures. Examples 4 through 13 set forth below describe preferred base compositions for creation of the foregoing series. Each series may generate a desired and distinct biological effect, affect, or responses, or may overlap slightly in degree of the same response/effect/affect. Within each series, a manufacturer may utilize differing dilution or multiplication factors to efficiently create a gradient of biological responses, etc. One example of an area of impact would be the generation of an energy gradient from sleep (low energy) to awake and on to active high energy. Additionally, Examples 3 and 15 set forth below provide illustrative examples of a gradient of dilution factors and corresponding biological affects/effects/responses observed within a given series. (Series S).

Further, the present technology contemplates alternative manners in which the nutrient(s) and pharmacologically active ingredient(s) of the present technology may be delivered/administered to a human or animal. In one alternative embodiment, the nutrient component and pharmacologically active ingredient are not combined to form a final unitary formulation, but rather are delivered/administered separately. For example, the nutrient aspect of the final desired formulation can be provided to the human or animal as a predisposition composition prior to application/administration of the pharmacologically active ingredient. The same administration pattern can also be utilized where the nutrient aspect of the final formulation is administered to a human or animal followed by a portion of the dose (e.g., a bolus dose) of the pharmacologically active ingredient and subsequent maintenance dose of the same to achieve an improved pharmacokinetic profile.

Below is a detailed description of each of the preferred steps and components in the presently described technology for producing an individualized responsive dosing nutrient system. The compositions of the present technology can include any of the water-soluble and/or fat-soluble vitamins, a coenzyme such as Q₁₀, essential and/or non-essential amino acids, and minerals including without limitation calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, chromium, copper, fluoride, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, combinations thereof, and/or derivatives thereof. The presently described technology can also include other ingredients, for example, nitrate, nitrite, folic acid, other nutrients, organic substrates (e.g., yeast, oat, or barley beta-glucans, glucosamine, or chondroitin), inorganic or synthetic substrates (e.g., methylsulfonylmethane), stimulants such as caffeine, combinations thereof, and derivatives thereof. It is also contemplated that the compositions of the present technology may further include pharmacologically active ingredients.

Water

The water can vary from source to source, but preferably contains at least one mineral, and optionally at least one nitrate and at least one nitrite. Most preferably, the presently described technology utilizes water from an Appalachia water source, preferably a water source from the Eastern slope of the Shenandoah Valley. Different water sources require empirical analysis of its constituents to ensure that the dosage amounts are consistent with spirit of the presently described technology. For example, the base composition multiplier could be changed in order to obtain an adjusted base with a preferred compositional make-up in light of a different water source.

The water is preferably filtered to purify and refine it from the selected water-source. The filter is preferably a commercially available filter having a pore size of about 0.1 microns. However, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that a filter having a pore size of about 0.1 microns to about 0.5 microns can be used within the spirit and scope of the present technology with a pore size of about 0.1 microns to about 0.25 microns being more preferred and a pore size of about 0.1 microns being most preferred. Further, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that one may select a suitable filter having a pore size as described above depending upon the quality of water used to make the formulations described herein. An example of components that the filtered water can include, and tolerances for the amounts of those components, is set forth below:

-   -   Nitrate 0-0.10 mg/L+25%     -   Nitrite 0-0.01 mg/L+25%     -   Calcium 0-12.4 mg/L+25%     -   Chromium 0-0.001 mg/L+25%     -   Magnesium 0-5.8 mg/L+25%     -   Manganese 0-0.001 mg/L+25%     -   Potassium 0-1.4 mg/L+25%     -   Sodium 0-1.6 mg/L+25%

Any of these preferred components of the water may range from 0 to +25%. The pH of the water can range from about 5 to about 7.5. Preferably, the pH of the water is about 7.50 at 25 degrees Celsius.

Base Mixture

Preferably, a selection of base mixtures is provided so that various base mixtures may be utilized to create different series of final formulations. It is also preferable that each base mixture is configured to generate a desired biological response/effect/affect and/or therapeutic response/effect/affect. Either completely different or overlapping biological or therapeutic responses may be generated by different base mixtures. Additionally, each of the base mixtures may already contain a pre-mix with constant compositional make-up. The pre-mix need not be identified as such, but may merely contain at least two or more vitamins, mineral, amino acids, or other nutrients which can remain constant (i.e., in relative proportion to one another) within each base mixture.

Moreover, its is preferable to the filter the base mixture to remove particulate matter in the mixture prior to further processing and/or inclusion of the pharmacologically active ingredient. Any conventional particular removal filter may be utilized for this purposes. For example, a filter having a pore size of from about 0.1 microns to about 0.5 microns is suitable for this purpose. However, varying pore size filters achieving particular removal are included within the spirit and scope for use with the presently described technology.

The components of the base mixture preferably comprise at least two of the following: magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, ascorbic acid, caffeine, niacin, potassium benzoate, chromium picolinate, chromium, polynicolinate, coenzyme Q10, L-glutamine, potassium sorbate, calcium ascorbate, sodium nitrite, L-arginine, or sodium ascorbate. More preferably, the base mixture comprises at least five of the foregoing (i.e., amino acids, organic substrates, inorganic or synthetic substrates, minerals, vitamins, etc.).

Additionally as noted above, it is also contemplated that the nutrient compositions of the present technology may further include pharmacologically active ingredients. Preferably, the pharmacologically active ingredient is incorporated as a component of the base mixture. However, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the pharmacologically active ingredient may be incorporated into any of the steps and/or base mixtures, pre-mixes, or water of the presently described technology prior to final formulation processing into a delivery system or vehicle.

Suitable pharmacologically active ingredients which may be utilized within the spirit and scope of the present technology include, but are not limited to blood modifiers, hormonal agents, diuretic agents, cardiovascular agents, respiratory agents, anti-neoplastic agents, systemic anti-infective agents, central nervous system agents, gastrointestinal agents, local anti-infective agents, and combinations or derivatives thereof.

The dose of the pharmacologically active ingredient present in any final formulation of the present technology may range from about 0.0000001 milligram (mg) or greater. Thus, it should be envisaged by those of skill in the art that the dose of the pharmacologically active ingredient utilized in the spirit and scope of the present technology may be adjusted as necessary for formulation processing relative to the biological response/therapeutic effect/affect desired. Moreover, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present technology envisages the suitability of prescription as well as non-prescription or over-the-counter (“OTC”) medications for use in the formulations described herein. Further, it is also within the spirit and scope of the present technology that the processing steps of the final nutrient formulations may also be adapted to accommodate future pharmaceutical agents that are developed as long as the incorporation of such agents is not in contradiction with the objectives set forth herein.

Examples of blood modifiers include, but are not limited to vitamin k, vitamin B, anticoagulants (e.g., coumadin, heparin), antiplatelet agents (e.g., ticlopidine, enoxaparin sodium), hemostatic agents, plasma agents (e.g., plasma extenders), combinations thereof, and derivatives thereof.

Examples of hormonal agents include, but are not limited to estrogens, progestins, androgens, growth hormones, posterior pituitary hormones, antidiabetic agents (e.g., alpha glucosidase inhibitors, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, sulfonylureas, insulin), thyroid agents, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, glucose elevating agents (e.g., glucagon, glucose, diazoxide), gallium nitrate, combinations thereof, and derivates thereof.

Examples of renal agents include, but are not limited to thiazide diuretic agents, loop diuretics, potassium sparing diuretics, osmotic diuretics, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, combinations thereof, and derivatives thereof.

Examples of cardiovascular agents include, but are not limited to cardiac glycosides, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, antianginal agents, antiarrythymic agents, peripheral vasodilators, calcium channel blocking agents, vasopressor agents, alpha- or beta-adrenergic blocking agents, antihyperlipidemic agents, salt substitutes, edetate sodium, combinations thereof, and derivatives thereof.

Examples of respiratory agents include, but are not limited to bronchodilators (e.g., sympathomimetic agents and xanthine derivatives), decongestants, mucolytics, coricosteroids, anticholinergics, antitussives (e.g., narcotics and dextromethorphan), expectorants, antihistamines (e.g., ethanolamines, alkylamines, phenothiazines, piperidines, and ethylenediamines), analgesic agents (e.g., aspirin, acetominophen, salsalate, salsalate derivatives, and opioid agents), combinations thereof, and derivatives thereof.

Examples of anti-neoplastic agents include, but are not limited to immunosuppressive agents, cytotoxic agents, alkylating agents (e.g., busulfan, carboplatin, carmustine, mechlorethamine, melphalan, streptozocin, uracil mustard, and cyclophosphamide), antimetabolite agents (e.g., cytarabine, floxuridine, 5-fluorouracil, fludarabine, gemcitabine, hydroxyurea, thioguanine, and methotrexate), hormones (e.g., anastrozole, biculutamide, estramustine, flutamide, goserelin, and diethystilbestrol), antibiotic type agents (e.g., bleomycin, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, and idarubicin), mitotic inhibitors (e.g., vinca alkaloids, podophyllotoxin derivatives, and taxanes such as docetaxel), radiopharmaceuticals (e.g., strongtium-89 and chromic phosphate), biological response modifiers (e.g., aldesleuekin, interferon alfa-2a, interferon alfa-2b, interferon gamma-1 B, and interferon alfa-n3), altretamine, asparaginase, BCG, cladribine, tretinoin, topoisomerase I inhibitors, porfimer, combinations thereof, and derivatives thereof.

Examples of anti-infective agents include, but are not limited to antibiotics (e.g., penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, fluoroquinolones, marcrolides, tetracyclines, polymixins, lincosamides, aminoglycosides, and vancomycin), antifungals (e.g., miconazole, ketoconazole, and amphotericin B), sulfonamides, antimalarial compounds, antitubercular compounds (e.g., isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol HCl), amebicides, antiviral agents (e.g., lamivudine, saquinavir, and ganciclovir sodium), leprostatics, antihelmintics (e.g., mebendazole and pyrantel), urinary anti-infectives (e.g., methylene blue, nalidixic acid, and nitrofurantoin), trimethoprim, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combinations, ethyromycin-sulfamethoxazole combinations, furazolidone, pentamindine isethionate, eflorinithine HCl, atovaquone, trimetrexate glucuronate, combinations thereof, and derivatives thereof.

Examples of central nervous system agents include, but are not limited to central nervous system stimulants (e.g., analeptics, amphetamines, and anorexiants), analgesics (e.g., salicylates, narcotic and non-narcotic agonist, antagonists, and agonist-antagonist combinations, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, agents for migraine, agents for gout, and central analgesics), antiemetic/antivertigo agents, physchotherapeutic agents (e.g., antianxiety agents, antidepressants agents, antipyschotic agents, and psychotherapeutic agents), sedatives and hypnotics (e.g., barbituates, nonbarbituates, and sleep agents), general anesthetics (e.g., gases and volatile liquids), anticonvulsants, muscle relaxants, antiparkinson agents, combinations thereof, and derivatives thereof.

Examples of gastrointestinal agents include, but are not limited to antacids, sucralfate, gastrointestinal anticholinergic/antispasmodic agents, histamine antagonists, prostaglandins, proton pump inhibitors (e.g., lansoprazole), antiflatulants, gastrointestinal stimulant agents (e.g., metoclopramide and cisapride), digestive enzymes, gastric acidifying agents, hydrocholeretics, gallstone solubilizing agents (e.g., monoctanoin), laxatives (e.g., lactulose, hyperosmolar agents, and bulk-producing agents such as psyllium), antidiarrheals (e.g., loperamide, diphenoxylate/atropine combinations, and bismuth subsalicylate), mesalamine, olsalazine sodium, combinations thereof, and derivatives thereof.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that prescription (brand or generic) and over-the-counter (“OTC”) pharmaceutical agents/active ingredients are suitable for use within the presently described technology and should not be limited to a particular form or production source.

Illustrative examples of base mixtures of the present technology are embodied in Tables 4 through 13 and have been designated as series S, T, U, V, K, L, M, N, X and W. Those examples illustrate the preferred make-up and amounts of the individual ingredients/components of exemplar base compositions, including the amount of vitamin premix used and the amount of any additional components admixed with the vitamin premix. For example, Table 4 illustrates that the base composition for the S series comprises 0.02500 grams of vitamin premix admixed with additional components, including, for example, 0.06000 grams of magnesium chloride. Also shown is the adjustment of each component of the base composition by application of a dilution or multiplication factor to arrive at the adjusted base composition. For illustrative purposes, the multiplier is based upon the dissolution of the selected components in a final volume of 1 gallon of profiled water described herein.

Any base composition multiplier may be experimentally determined in regards to a desired biological affect/effect/response, and is, for illustrative purposes, established relative to that water characterized in Example 2. A multiplication factor is preferably empirically determined so as to compensate for variables. The variables that are taken into consideration can include without limitation: any additional ingredients/components coming from selected water sources used for dissolution; any processing required to arrive a final dosage form; and/or any adjustments required to achieve a desired biological response/effect. The multiplier is empirically derived and can range from a factor of about 20 to about 40. This multiplier is utilized to create a final adjusted base composition, which will achieve the adequate amount of each component per base composition, which can then be further formulated into a specific dosage form and chosen for application based on desired biological affects/effects/responses on any living system, human or otherwise.

For further illustrative purposes, each exemplar series S, T, U, V, K, L, M, N, X and W may be further divided into sub-series based on varying dosage amounts. For example, the S-series may contain subs-series S-1 through S-10 compositional nutraceutic products, which vary in their solids content with S-1 having less solids than S-10 based upon the dilution rate of the S series adjusted base composition. See Example 15. The grouping of compositional products, produced by dilution in the selected water of each of the representative adjusted base composition mixtures, is illustrated in Tables 14-22 for each additional exemplar series T, U, V, K, L, M, N, X and W.

Pre-Mix

The general pre-mix formulation is preferably comprised of pharmaceutical grade vitamins, minerals, amino acids, coenzymes, or other nutrients. Each ingredient is preferably on the United States Food and Drug Administration's Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) list. An illustrative example of a standard premix composition of the presently described technology is shown in Example 1 and includes vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, C, D3, E and H, in admixture with folic acid, copper, iron, potassium iodide, calcium carbonate, and zinc. A further embodiment of the present technology includes base compositions containing the vitamin premix composition in addition to any further components/ingredients added to the vitamin premix composition. By way of example, additional components/ingredients added to the vitamin premix to form a base composition may include without limitation magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, ascorbic acid, caffeine, niacin, potassium benzoate, chromium picolinate, chromium polynicolinate, coenzyme Q10, L-glutamine, and potassium sorbate, sodium ascorbate, potassium carbonate, calcium ascorbate, calcium carbonate, L-arginine, sodium nitrite, combinations thereof, and derivatives thereof.

In the preferred embodiments of the presently described technology, the compositional make-up of the pre-mix formulation does not vary during processing, or in separate types or series of finished nutrient product. The pre-mix dosage amounts, however, are preferably adjusted through dilution or multiplication of the base mixture.

Delivery System

For the present technology, any dosage form can be utilized. Those dosage forms can include, for example, an oral film, a tablet, a pill, a liquid, a capsule, a lozenge, a troche, a suppository, a transdermal patch, a coating, a nasal spray, a dragee, a slurry, an oral suspension, an oral powder, a power for inhalation, or an emulsion. For this particular technology, dosage administration routes are preferably those that by-pass first pass metabolism such as buccal, sublingual, nasal, transdermal, intradermal, intramuscular, intravenous and certain rectal administration routes. This is due to the present technology believing to have enhanced efficacy by circumventing dosage administration routes which would undergo first pass metabolism (oral, in particular).

Compositions of the present technology can be preferably formulated for either parenteral or enteric absorption. Parenteral absorption generally comprises absorption by way other than the gastrointestinal track and without significant first pass metabolism. By way of example and without limitation, parenteral absorption can be pre-gastric (e.g., sublingual or buccal), topical, optical, intravenous, and/or by oral or nasal inhalation. Pre-gastric absorption as used herein comprises absorption of an ingredient from that part of the alimentary canal prior to the stomach, and includes without limitation buccal, sublingual, oropharyngeal and esophageal absorption. It is envisaged that such pre-gastric absorption will occur primarily across the mucous membranes in the mouth, pharynx and oesophagus. The presently described technology, however, is not limited to any one method of delivery, and envisions delivery via any tissue with an adequate rate of absorption, which avoids first pass metabolism.

It is preferred that the composition of the present technology is formulated to promote absorption of ingredient(s)/component(s) of the final nutrient formulation through the buccal, sublingual, pharyngeal and/or esophageal mucous membranes, or into a biological fluid pathway(s) such as the lymphatic system. Without being bound by a particular theory, it is believed that pre-gastric absorption will occur primarily across the mucous or lymphatic membranes in the mouth or oral cavity, pharynx and esophagus. The oral mucosa has a thin epithelium and a rich vascularity that favors absorption. Blood capillaries and lymphatic vessels are extremely close to the surface in these areas and readily absorb the ingredients into the blood stream. The flow is from this area of the mouth to the Carotid Artery, or other suitable route (e.g., other suitable vasculature, nerve, or lymphatic routes and it is envisaged that distribution to the brain and the rest of the body will be rapid, thereby resulting in greatly enhanced efficacy and/or rates of response/effect/affect. Thus, it is believed that the formulations of the presently described technology have the capability of affecting/effecting a variety of biological responses such as sympathetic, parasympathetic, immunological, metabolistic, endocrinological, responses and the like.

Again, although not wanting to be bound by any particular theory, it is further believed that the nutrient formulation(s) of the present technology through enhanced bioavailability have the capability of interacting with the regulatory systems of a human or animal body.

For example, it is believed that the enhanced delivery system(s) acquiring enhanced bioavailability of the present technology interact primarily with, but not limited to the central nervous system, for example, the hypothalmous-pituitary-thyroid axis (“H-P-T” axis), to generate a targeted biochemical signal (i.e., release of neurochemical transmitters and the like from the axis), which in turn is capable of generating a targeted biological/biochemical/therapeutic response/effect/affect depending upon the nutrient and pharmacologically active ingredients provided contained within the formulation, dosage form utilized, and/or administration modality used.

In other words, it is believed that the formulations of the present technology have the capability of interacting with the regulatory systems (including, but not limited to sympathetic, parasympathetic, immunological, thyroid, parathyroid, and endocrinological/hormonal) of a human or animal body (i.e., master-switch(es)) to effectuate targeted, zero-order kinetic biological and/or therapeutic responses/effects/affects. Examples of such “master-switches” include, but are not limited to the central nervous system and its sub-component systems such as the H-P-T axis, the hormonal system, the humoral system, the adrenal/renal system (e.g., the renin-angiotensin system), and the like.

It is also envisaged that the compositions of the presently described technology can be formulated to be fast-dispersing and bioadherent for application to the surface of another product intended for absorption (e.g., enteric absorption achieved via an enteric coated formulation) or for release from the surface of another product (e.g., a coated stent structure in which the coating contains the presently described technology). Accordingly, any of the compositions of the presently described technology upon rapid dissolution from the surface of another product can be preferably retained in the oral cavity (or other suitable cavity or surface of a human or animal body) so as to facilitate pre-gastric absorption, while the balance of said other product moves further into the GI tract to undergo enteric absorption.

It is also believed that ingredients absorbed by pre-gastric absorption will pass straight into the systemic circulatory system and thereby avoid the gastrointestinal track and first pass metabolism in the liver. Accordingly, bioavailability of an active ingredient delivered in this way may also be increased. Additionally, the bioavailability of a number of vitamins, minerals, amino acids, co-enzymes, pharmacologically active ingredients, organic substrates, inorganic or synthetic substrates, biological components, and/or other nutrients in concert can also be increased. It is desired that the dose of an ingredient may be minimized, while still producing the desired beneficial effects, with close to zero order kinetics (immediate efficacy) thereby decreasing the required dose and minimalization of undesired side effects. These concentrations may vary and will be selected primarily on the desired biological response and dosage form selected.

U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,596,298; 6,569,463; 5,948,430; 6,592,887; 5,629,003; 6,419,903; and 6,316,029 disclose various delivery systems which may be utilized in the present technology.

One particularly preferred method of delivery, although not limited to any one method, is a consumable oral strip. The dosage form can include by way of example and without limitation, a starch, pectin, and/or cellulose based strip or film that adheres to and dissolves in a mouth of a consumer. A strip formulation is made utilizing conventional film formulation processing and technology. The preferred film formulation is a starch-based film formulation or matrix. Other film formulation matrixes can be utilized such as pectin and other film bases (cellophane tape).

However, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present technology may be formulated in such a manner for utilization via a variety of delivery systems. For example, it is envisaged that the present technology may be applied to the surface of a various biological implants (e.g., pace makers, wiring, pumps, cardiac patches, cardiac stents, wound seeding devices, and the like) for release into a localized area. Although not wanting to be bound by any particular theory, it is believed that such a delivery of the present technology can accelerate local cellular repair at the site of delivery, which in turn can accelerate localized healing time of the cellular material and associated tissue.

Based on selected amounts of vitamin, mineral, amino acid, co-enzyme, organic substrate, inorganic or synthetic substrate, biological component, pharmacologically active ingredient, and/or other nutrients in a selected pre-mix or base composition, a selected dilution factor or multiplication factor, and further based on a selected, constant process for producing a final formulation, a final dosage amount of components/ingredients in a finished oral strip may be determined. The dosage level will be determined therefore, by the number of strips made per gallon of the mixture comprising water, final base mixture, and/or pharmacologically active ingredient. Preferably, this rate of strips per gallon of mixture is a constant during processing, such that variation in the finished product is achieved through the afore-mentioned multiplication and dilution factors. Optionally, the rate of strips per gallon may also be adjusted to vary finished formulation properties. A conventional oral strip processing method is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,596,298 to Leung (“the Leung patent”).

In preferred methods of strip formulation, approximately 2020 grams of the mixture comprising water, base mixture, and pre-mix (regardless of the dilution factor and/or multiplication factor), excluding the pharmacologically active ingredient is used per 454 grams of strip matrix. Additionally, preferred oral strips have dimensions of approximately 35.356 mm³ with a tolerance of ±5%. As one illustrative example, in preferred strip formulation processing, when utilizing a K-16 formulation, approximately 19,500 strips may be made from approximately one gallon of K-16.

Individualized Responsive Dosing

Additional embodiments of the present technology include individualized responsive dosing methods, wherein an individual may select from different series or types of nutrients and pharmacologically active ingredients components within a series based on varying need or desired biological response/effect/affect needed throughout each 24 hour period (or in some embodiments, each 6 hour or 1 hour period). The preferred method of dosing provides a selection of one or more (preferably three or more) formulations comprised of a nutrient component and a pharmacologically active ingredient component in delivery systems which substantially avoid first pass metabolism. Each member of the selected formulations comprises: (a) at least five or more vitamins, minerals, amino acids, co-enzyme, or other nutrients in amounts no greater than about 25% of the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) or Upper Limit (UL); (b) water containing at least one mineral, nitrate, and nitrite, each in an amount less than about 25% of the RDA or UL for that component; and (c) 0.0000001 mg or greater of a pharmacologically active ingredient. Furthermore, the formulation is separately configured to generate a specific, pre-determined biological response/effect and/or affect.

The different formulations of the present technology may be configured to generate the following pre-determined biological responses: preventative or remedial anti-aging, hormonal release, cardiovascular outcomes (e.g., decreased hypertension and decreased atherosclerotic plaque deposition), neurochemical release or uptake, glucose modulation, cellular repair, calmness, elimination or excretion of cellular or tissue by-products (e.g., ammonia), enhanced immune modulation and response, cellular metabolism including nucleic acid and amino acid metabolism; energy metabolism, including energy conversion and utilization; mental acuity, including memory and cognitive function; nerve signaling including neuromuscular transmission and propagation; hormone signaling including stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis; management of peripheral and central fatigue, including the enhancement of antioxidant defense systems; the modulation of tissue catabolic activity, the mitigation of episodic and/or chronic stress; and detoxification by the liver including increased alcohol metabolism.

Preferably, each formulated series has a similar, overlapping, or different biological effect(s)/response(s) and/or affect(s), which can be graded within the series. In other words, a series such as exemplary Series may be anecdotally shown to produce varying levels of energy or relaxation per composition/formulation within the series. Thus, for illustration purposes, the gradient of Example 15 may be observed. Thus, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that more than one desired response/effect/affect can be generated per series and per gradient within a series.

Although not wanting to be bound be any particular theory, it is believed that a series such as the exemplary S series may, for example, enhance biochemical signal processing within cellular tissues to cause a gradient of energy levels observed which are dependent upon the concentration (i.e., solids content) of the composition within the series utilized (i.e., S-1 biological effects v. S-10 biological effects). It is further believed that such energy enhancement effects are due to enhanced cellular radical scavenging, oxygenation, or utilization of GABA as well as tissue responses such as vasodilation or enhanced glomerular filtration. Further believed biological responses/effects/affects of the compositions of the presently described technology are provided above.

Additionally, as previously described, the administration of these formulations to the body in a delivery system which preferably avoids first pass metabolism increases bioavailability of the formulations to the body, which in turn enhances a nutrient or pharmacologically active ingredient component capacity or concentrations at a cellular level to the tissues, which in turn again with increased capacity improves cellular absorptive capacity of the component/ingredient leading to a biochemical signal being generated to those tissues and a biological/biochemical/therapeutic response produced. Thus, it was surprisingly and unexpectedly discovered that the formulations of the present technology exhibited such individualized, responsive dosing regimen capabilities (i.e., individualized “bio-tuning”).

As a result, an individual or health care provider may select one of the series to begin with and attempt to achieve a particular desired biological or therapeutic response.

For example, an individual/health care provider may select the S-series to achieve enhanced levels of energy or drowsiness depending upon which composition within the S-series is selected. If the individual/health care provider selects an illustrative S-1 composition, then the individual/patient could preferably take 1 strip or 1 drop of the composition at a time to try and achieve the “energy” effect/affect desired. If the response/effect/affect is not achieved, then the individual/patient may continue with a strip by strip or drop by drop approach to try and achieve the particular biological effect(/affect)/biological response/therapeutic effect(/affect) desired with that particular composition of the series. This particular dosage methodology is an individualized responsive dosing or titration approach. For a liquid formulation, an individual/health care provider may preferably begin with 5 drops and continue to titrate drop by drop to attempt to achieve the desired biological response/effect/affect. For comparison purposes, 120 drops equal 1 Teaspoon. Such an approach also improves the individual's compliance in appropriately taking and maintaining their dosing regimen because the desired biological effect/response (which may be reached through titration, if necessary) can be achieved. Thus, it is believed the compositions and systems of the presently described technology reduce or prevent mal- or non-compliant administration of the dosage forms described herein which in turn improves the temporal dynamics of the individual while taking such formulations.

If the composition of the series still does not provide the biological response/biological effect (or affect)/therapeutic effect (or affect) the individual or health care provider desires, then the individual or health care provider can select a high solids content formulation within the series such as, for example, S-2 to S-10 to try and achieve the desired effect (or change of effect, i.e., from sleep to energy) on a strip by strip or drop by drop basis again.

Finally, if the individual/health care provider still does not achieve the desired biological response/biological effect (or affect)/therapeutic effect (or affect) with that particular series/formulation, then the individual or health care provider may select another series and continue with the foregoing approaches again to see if the desired response/effect can be achieved. However, a different series/formulation may generate completely different biological responses/biological effects (or affects)/therapeutic effects (or affects) (i.e., outcomes such as calmness for one formulation versus decreased hypertension for another formulation), or may overlap in its response/effect/affect (i.e., decreased energy and decreased anxiety exhibited by one formulation). In addition, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present technology envisages the additive and synergistic effects that can occur with and between the various formulations set forth herein. Moreover, it is also contemplated that the present technology can also exhibit various agonist and antagonist effects as well.

For example, S-1 is more suitably directed to sleep promotion. Likewise, a T-1 formulation will have a different affect/effect/response than an S-1 formulation, although certain T Series formulations may have similar affects/effects/responses to certain S Series formulations (i.e., affect/effect/response overlap (or additively or synergistically if given together). Yet, the same individualized responsive dosing approach is utilized regardless of the series selected. It should also be understood by those skilled in the art that by differing the ingredients of the various formulations of the present technology that one is able to achieve differing biological affects/effects, outcomes, and/or responses as well. For example, the inclusion of ascorbates in some formulations of the present technology rather than a chloride based salt allows for the reduction in heart burn potential in those individuals that take the ascorbate-based formulation.

As previously described, the overall dosing methodology above is referred to as individualized responsive dosing since the individual is dosing his or herself (or through medical supervision with respect to prescription only pharmacologically active ingredients) in a stepwise fashion to attempt to achieve the desired biological/biochemical signal and resultant biological/therapeutic effect, affect response, or outcome. Conventional nutrient regimens (i.e., standard and/or mega-dosing) do not allow patients and/or health care providers to variably and individually dose an individual/patient based upon that individual's biological responses, biochemical signals, or therapeutic responses in an efficient and effective manner (i.e., zero-order kinetics without first-pass metabolistic effects) because conventional compositions are a one standard or mega-dose/one dosing-regimen fits all type approach which would be counter to the presently described technology's individualized responsive dosing approach.

The following examples describe some of the preferred embodiments of the present technology without limiting the technology thereto. Other embodiments include, but are not limited to, those described in the above written description, including additional or alternative components, alternative concentrations, and additional or alternative properties and uses.

EXAMPLES Example 1 Pre-Mix Composition

Component Amount Component Amount Vitamin A 6000 U.S.P. Vitamin D₃ 480 U.S.P. Vitamin B₁ 0.00519 mg Vitamin E 35 U.S.P. Vitamin B₂ 0.00392 mg Vitamin H 0.00045 ug Vitamin B₃ 0.05 mg Folic Acid 0.00048 ug Vitamin B₆ 0.05 Copper 0.0022 mg Vitamin B₁₂ 0.000015 ug Iron 0.0191 mg Vitamin C 0.15 mg Potassium 0.000165 ug Iodide Zinc 16.1 mg Calcium 0.1 mg carbonate

Example 2 Water Composition

Analyte Result Units Nitrate <0.10 mg/L Nitrite <0.01 mg/L Calcium 12.4 mg/L Chromium <0.001 mg/L Magnesium 5.8 mg/L Manganese <0.001 mg/L Potassium 1.4 mg/L Sodium 1.6 mg/L

Example 3 Typical Method for Optional Dilution

Dilution rate to 1 gallon mixture Sub-series for processing into final product S-1 0.5 oz to 1 gallon   S-2 1 oz to 1 gallon S-3 2 oz to 1 gallon S-4 3 oz to 1 gallon S-5 4 oz to 1 gallon S-6 5 oz to 1 gallon S-7 6 oz to 1 gallon S-8 7 oz to 1 gallon S-9 8 oz to 1 gallon S-10 9 oz to 1 gallon S-11 10 oz to 1 gallon  S-16 15 oz to 1 gallon  S-21 20 oz to 1 gallon  S-26 25 oz to 1 gallon  Dilution Method for all S Series products - Mix initial proscribed amount of Base Mixture with the same quantity of profiled water. Agitate for 1 minute per dilution. Repeat until 1 gallon of finished mixture is produced. For example, 8 such steps are required for S-1. Preferably, wait about 8 hours between dilution steps.

Example 4 Exemplar Base Composition for Series S

Adjusted Base Composition (Dissolved in 1 gallon Select Water = Adjusted Base Composition Base Composition Base Amount (grams) Multiplier Mixture) Magnesium chloride 0.06000 g 23 1.38 g Sodium chloride 0.09000 g 23 2.07 g Potassium chloride 0.09000 g 23 2.07 g Calcium chloride 0.06000 g 23 1.38 g Ascorbic acid (ester C) 0.50000 g 23 11.5 g Caffeine 0.04750 g 23 1.0925 g Niacin 0.01000 g 23 0.23 g Potassium benzoate 0.04500 g 23 1.035 g Vitamin Premix 0.02500 g 23 0.575 g Chromium picolinate 0.0001870 g 23 0.004301 g Chromium polynicolinate 0.0001870 g 23 0.004301 g Coenzyme Q10 0.03125 g 23 0.71875 g L-Glutamine 0.25000 g 23 5.75 g Potassium sorbate 0.10000 g 23 2.3 g Pharmaceutical 0.01 μ/mg/g ≧1 ≧1 μg/mg/g active ingredient

Example 5 Exemplar Base Composition for Series T

Adjusted Base Composition (Dissolved in 1 gallon Select Water = Adjusted Base Composition Base Composition Base amount (grams) Multiplier Mixture) Magnesium chloride 0.06000 g 23 1.38 g Sodium ascorbate 0.09000 g 23 2.07 g Potassium carbonate 0.09000 g 23 2.07 g Calcium ascorbate 0.06000 g 23 1.38 g Ascorbic acid (ester C) 0.50000 g 23 11.5 g Caffeine 0.04750 g 23 1.0925 g Niacin 0.01000 g 23 0.23 g Potassium benzoate 0.04500 g 23 1.035 g Vitamin Premix 0.02500 g 23 0.575 g Chromium picolinate 0.0001870 g 23 0.004301 g Chromium polynicolinate 0.0001870 g 23 0.004301 g Coenzyme Q10 0.03125 g 23 0.71875 g L-Glutamine 0.25000 g 23 5.75 g Potassium sorbate 0.10000 g 23 2.3 g Pharmaceutical 0.01 μ/mg/g ≧1 ≧1 μg/mg/g Active ingredient

Example 6 Exemplar Base Composition for Series U

Adjusted Base Composition (Dissolved in 1 gallon Select Water = Adjusted Base Composition Base Composition Base amount (grams) Multiplier Mixture) Magnesium chloride 0.06000 g 23 1.38 g Sodium chloride 0.09000 g 23 2.07 g Potassium chloride 0.09000 g 23 2.07 g Calcium chloride 0.06000 g 23 1.38 g Ascorbic acid (ester C) 0.50000 g 23 11.5 g Caffeine 0.04750 g 23 1.0925 g Niacin 0.01000 g 23 0.23 g Potassium benzoate 0.04500 g 23 1.035 g Vitamin Premix 0.02500 g 23 0.575 g Chromium picolinate 0.0001870 g 23 0.004301 g Chromium polynicolinate 0.0001870 g 23 0.004301 g Coenzyme Q10 0.03125 g 23 0.71875 g L-Glutamine 0.25000 g 23 5.75 g Potassium sorbate 0.10000 g 23 2.3 g Sodium nitrite 0.07250 g 23 1.6675 g Pharmaceutical 0.01 μ/mg/g ≧1 ≧1 μ/mg/g active ingredient

Example 7 Exemplar Base Composition for Series V

Adjusted Base Composition (Dissolved in 1 gallon Base amount Select Water = Adjusted Base Base Composition (grams) Multiplier Composition Mixture) Magnesium chloride 0.06000 g 23 1.38 g Sodium ascorbate 0.09000 g 23 2.07 g Potassium carbonate 0.09000 g 23 2.07 g Calcium ascorbate 0.06000 g 23 1.38 g Ascorbic acid (ester C) 0.50000 g 23 11.5 g Caffeine 0.04750 g 23 1.0925 g Niacin 0.01000 g 23 0.23 g Potassium benzoate 0.04500 g 23 1.035 g Vitamin Premix 0.02500 g 23 0.575 g Chromium picolinate 0.0001870 g 23 0.004301 g Chromium polynicolinate 0.0001870 g 23 0.004301 g Coenzyme Q10 0.03125 g 23 0.71875 g L-Glutamine 0.25000 g 23 5.75 g Potassium sorbate 0.10000 g 23 2.3 g Sodium nitrite 0.07250 g 23 1.6675 g Pharmaceutical 0.01 μ/mg/g ≧1 ≧1 μ/mg/g active ingredient

Example 8 Exemplar Base Composition for Series K

Adjusted Base Composition (Dissolved in 1 gallon Select Water = Adjusted Base Composition Base Composition Base Composition (grams) Multiplier Mixture) Magnesium chloride 0.06000 g 23 1.38 g Sodium chloride 0.09000 g 23 2.07 g Potassium chloride 0.09000 g 23 2.07 g Calcium chloride 0.06000 g 23 1.38 g Ascorbic acid (ester C) 0.50000 g 23 11.5 g Caffeine 0.09500 g 23 2.185 g Niacin 0.01000 g 23 0.23 g Potassium benzoate 0.04500 g 23 1.035 g Vitamin Premix 0.02500 g 23 0.575 g Chromium picolinate 0.0001870 g 23 0.004301 g Chromium polynicolinate 0.0001870 g 23 0.004301 g Coenzyme Q10 0.06250 g 23 1.4375 g L-Glutamine 0.25000 g 23 5.75 g Potassium sorbate 0.10000 g 23 2.3 g Pharmaceutical 0.01 μ/mg/g ≧1 ≧1 μ/mg/g active ingredient

Example 9 Exemplar Base Composition for Series L

Adjusted Base Composition (Dissolved in 1 gallon Select Water = Adjusted Base Composition Base Composition Base Amount (grams) Multiplier Mixture) Magnesium chloride 0.06000 g 23 1.38 g Sodium ascorbate 0.09000 g 23 2.07 g Potassium carbonate 0.09000 g 23 2.07 g Calcium ascorbate 0.06000 g 23 1.38 g Ascorbic acid (ester C) 0.50000 g 23 11.5 g Caffeine 0.09500 g 23 2.185 g Niacin 0.01000 g 23 0.23 g Potassium benzoate 0.04500 g 23 1.035 g Vitamin Premix 0.02500 g 23 0.575 g Chromium picolinate 0.0001870 g 23 0.004301 g Chromium polynicolinate 0.0001870 g 23 0.004301 g Coenzyme Q10 0.06250 g 23 1.4375 g L-Glutamine 0.25000 g 23 5.75 g Potassium sorbate 0.10000 g 23 2.3 g Pharmaceutical 0.01 μ/mg/g ≧1 ≧1 μ/mg/g active ingredient

Example 10 Exemplar Base Composition for Series M

Adjusted Base Composition (Dissolved in 1 gallon Select Water = Adjusted Base Composition Base Composition Base Amount (Grams) Multiplier Mixture) Magnesium chloride 0.06000 g 23 1.38 g Sodium chloride 0.09000 g 23 2.07 g Potassium chloride 0.09000 g 23 2.07 g Calcium chloride 0.06000 g 23 1.38 g Ascorbic acid (ester C) 0.50000 g 23 11.5 g Caffeine 0.09500 g 23 2.185 g Niacin 0.01000 g 23 0.23 g Potassium benzoate 0.04500 g 23 1.035 g Vitamin Premix 0.02500 g 23 0.575 g Chromium picolinate 0.0001870 g 23 0.004301 g Chromium polynicolinate 0.0001870 g 23 0.004301 g Coenzyme Q10 0.06250 g 23 1.4375 g L-Glutamine 0.25000 g 23 5.75 g Potassium sorbate 0.10000 g 23 2.3 g Sodium nitrite 0.07250 g 23 1.6675 g Pharmaceutical 0.01 μ/mg/g ≧1 ≧1 μ/mg/g active ingredient

Example 11 Exemplar Base Composition for Series N

Adjusted Base Composition (Dissolved in 1 gallon Select Water = Adjusted Base Base Amount Composition Base Composition (Grams) Multiplier Mixture) Magnesium chloride 0.06000 g 23 1.38 g Sodium ascorbate 0.09000 g 23 2.07 g Potassium carbonate 0.09000 g 23 2.07 g Calcium ascorbate 0.06000 g 23 1.38 g Ascorbic acid (ester C) 0.50000 g 23 11.5 g Caffeine 0.09500 g 23 2.185 g Niacin 0.01000 g 23 0.23 g Potassium benzoate 0.04500 g 23 1.035 g Vitamin Premix 0.02500 g 23 0.575 g Chromium picolinate 0.0001870 g 23 0.004301 g Chromium polynicolinate 0.0001870 g 23 0.004301 g Coenzyme Q10 0.06250 g 23 1.4375 g L-Glutamine 0.25000 g 23 5.75 g Potassium sorbate 0.10000 g 23 2.3 g Sodium nitrite 0.07250 g 23 1.6675 g Pharmacologically active ingredient 0.01 μ/mg/g ≧1 ≧1 μ/mg/g

Example 12 Exemplar Base Composition for Series W

Adjusted Base Composition (Dissolved in 1 gallon Select Water = Adjusted Base Composition Base Composition Base amount (grams) Multiplier Mixture) Magnesium chloride 0.06000 g 23 1.38 g Sodium ascorbate 0.09000 g 23 2.07 g Potassium carbonate 0.09000 g 23 2.07 g Calcium ascorbate 0.06000 g 23 1.38 g Ascorbic acid (ester C) 0.50000 g 23 11.5 g Caffeine 0.04750 g 23 1.0925 g Niacin 0.01000 g 23 0.23 g Potassium benzoate 0.04500 g 23 1.035 g Vitamin Premix 0.02500 g 23 0.575 g Chromium picolinate 0.0001870 g 23 0.004301 g Chromium polynicolinate 0.0001870 g 23 0.004301 g Coenzyme Q10 0.03125 g 23 0.71875 g L-Glutamine 0.25000 g 23 5.75 g L-Arginine 0.25000 g 23 5.75 g Potassium sorbate 0.10000 g 23 2.3 g Sodium nitrite 0.07250 g 23 1.6675 g Pharmacologically active ingredient 0.01 μ/mg/g ≧1 ≧1 μ/mg/g

Example 13 Exemplar Base Composition for Series X

Adjusted Base Composition (Dissolved in 1 gallon Select Water = Adjusted Base Composition Base Composition Base amount (grams) Multiplier Mixture) Magnesium chloride 0.06000 g 23 1.38 g Sodium ascorbate 0.09000 g 23 2.07 g Potassium carbonate 0.09000 g 23 2.07 g Calcium ascorbate 0.06000 g 23 1.38 g Ascorbic acid (ester C) 0.50000 g 23 11.5 g Caffeine 0.04750 g 23 1.0925 g Niacin 0.01000 g 23 0.23 g Potassium benzoate 0.04500 g 23 1.035 g Vitamin Premix 0.02500 g 23 0.575 g Chromium picolinate 0.0001870 g 23 0.004301 g Chromium polynicolinate 0.0001870 g 23 0.004301 g Coenzyme Q10 0.03125 g 23 0.71875 g L-Glutamine 0.25000 g 23 5.75 g L-Arginine 0.25000 g 23 5.75 g Potassium sorbate 0.10000 g 23 2.3 g Pharmacologically active ingredient 0.01 μ/mg/g ≧1 ≧1 μ/mg/g

Example 14 Typical Oral Strip Ingredients (w/o Inclusion of Pharmacologically Active Ingredient)

Component Results (mg/strip) Nitrate <0.002 Nitrite <0.0002 Calcium 0.1279 Chromium 0.000055 Magnesium 0.037 Manganese 0.00001 Potassium 0.23 Sodium 2.442

Example 15 One Examplar of a Response/Effect/Affect Gradient within a Series

S-1 Generates a biochemical signal for sleep

S-2 Generates a biochemical signal for relaxation

S-3 Generates a biochemical signal for calmness

S-4 Generates a biochemical signal for decreased anxiety

S-5 Generates a biochemical signal for increased mental alertness

S6-S7 Generates a biochemical signal for increased mental acuity and focus

S-8 Generates a mild biochemical signal for increased energy

S-9 Generates a medium biochemical signal for further increased energy

S-10 Generates a strong biochemical signal for enhanced energy sensation.

Example 16 RDA/UL Values for Some Nutrients

Nutrient RDA (mg/day) UL (mg/day) Folate 0.4 1 Niacin 16 35 Pantothenic Acid 5 ND Vitamin B2 1.3 ND Vitamin B1 1.2 ND Vitamin A 0.9 3 Vitamin B6 1.3 100 Vitamin B12 2.4 ND Vitamin C 75 2000 Vitamin D 5 50 Vitamin E 15 1000 Vitamin K 0.12 ND Calcium 1000 2500 Chromium 0.035 ND Copper 0.9 10 Fluoride 4 10 Iodine 0.15 1.1 Iron 8 45 Magnesium 320 350 Manganese 2.3 11 Molybdenum 0.045 2 Phosphorus 700 4000 Selenium 0.055 0.4 Vanadium ND 1.8 Zinc 11 40

Example 17 Typical RDA/UL Percentages of an Exemplar Final Formulation/Profile (5 Drops)

US Dietary Guidelines Percentage Diluted (For Men 25-50 Difference between Base Amounts Per Amount in years old) Dosage and the US Ingredients amounts (g) Gallon (g) 5 drops (g) (g) Dietary Guidelines Magnesium 1.3800 5.39E−03 2.77E−07 0.35 RDA 0.00007920% (Chloride) Sodium (Chloride) 2.0700 8.09E−03 4.16E−07 2.4 RDA 0.00001733% Potassium 2.0700 8.09E−03 4.16E−07 4 DV 0.00001040% (Chloride) Calcium 1.3800 5.39E−03 2.77E−07 1.2 RDA 0.00002310% (Chloride) Ascorbic Acid 11.5000 4.49E−02 2.31E−06 2 UL 0.00011551% Caffeine 1.0925 4.27E−03 2.19E−07 0.24 0.00009144% Niacin 0.2300 8.98E−04 4.62E−08 0.035 UL 0.00013201% Potassium 1.0350 4.04E−03 2.08E−07 4 DV 0.00000520% (Benzoate) Chromium 0.0043 1.68E−05 8.64E−10 0.00012 DV 0.00071999% (Picolinate) Chromium 0.0043 1.68E−05 8.64E−10 0.00012 DV 0.00071999% (Polynicolinate) Coenzyme Q10 0.7188 2.81E−03 1.44E−07 N/A L-Glutamine 5.7500 2.25E−02 1.16E−06 N/A Potassium 2.3000 8.98E−03 4.62E−07 4 DV 0.00001155% (Sorbate) Vitamin A 0.2371 9.26E−04 4.76E−08 2 0.00000238% Vitamin B1 0.0041 1.62E−05 8.33E−10 0.0011 RDA 0.00007569% Vitamin B2 0.0031 1.22E−05 6.29E−10 0.0013 RDA 0.00004837% Vitamin B3 0.0399 1.56E−04 8.02E−09 0.035 UL 0.00002292% Vitamin B6 0.0399 1.56E−04 8.02E−09 0.1 UL 0.00000802% Vitamin B12 0.0000 4.68E−08 2.41E−12 0.0000024 RDA 0.00010027% Vitamin C 0.1198 4.68E−04 2.41E−08 2 UL 0.00000120% Vitamin D3 0.0190 7.41E−05 3.81E−09 0.00005 UL 0.00762078% Vitamin E 0.0014 5.40E−06 2.78E−10 1 UL 0.00000003% Vitamin H 0.0004 1.40E−06 7.22E−11 0.00003 AI 0.00024064% Folic Acid 0.0004 1.50E−06 7.70E−11 0.001 RDA 0.00000770% Copper 0.0018 6.86E−06 3.53E−10 0.002 DV 0.00001765% Iron 0.0153 5.96E−05 3.06E−09 0.01 RDA 0.00003064% Potassium 0.0001 5.12E−07 2.64E−11 4 DV 0.00000000% (Iodide) Calcium 0.0799 3.12E−04 1.60E−08 1.2 RDA 0.00000134% (Carbonate) Zinc 0.0129 5.02E−05 2.58E−09 0.015 RDA 0.00001722% Test Results

Some of the advantages and objects of the present technology can be further illustrated by the results of clinical testing analyzing the effects of an exemplary nutrient formulation on human test subjects. Specifically, an exemplary nutrient formulation was prepared with a composition as set forth in Example 18, below. The exemplary nutrient formulation was prepared in liquid suspension form for delivery via an aerosol spray.

Example 18 Testing Formulation

Ingredient Dose (in grams) Magnesium Chloride 0.00001497 Sodium Ascorbate 0.00002246 Potassium Carbonate 0.00002246 Calcium Ascorbate 0.00001497 Ascorbic Acid 0.00012478 Caffeine 0.00002371 Niacin 0.00000250 Potassium Benzoate 0.00001123 Chromium Picolinate 0.000000047 Chromium Polynicolinate 0.000000047 Coenzyme Q10 0.0000156 L-Glutamine 0.0000624 L-Arginine 0.0000624 Potassium Sorbate 0.0000250 Sodium Nitrite 0.0000181 Vitamin A 0.0000026 Vitamin B1 0.00000004 Vitamin B2 0.00000003 Vitamin B3 0.00000043 Vitamin B6 0.00000043 Vitamin B12 0.0000000001 Vitamin C 0.0000013 Vitamin D3 0.0000002 Vitamin E 0.00000002 Vitamin H 0.000000004 Folic Acid 0.000000004 Copper 0.00000002 Iron 0.00000017 Potassium Iodide 0.000000001 Calcium Carbonate 0.00000087 Zinc 0.00000014 For comparison/control purposes, a placebo formulation was also prepared, which did not contain any measurable amounts of vitamins, minerals, amino acids, or other active ingredients. The nutrient formulation and placebo formulation were then each placed in identical un-labeled and color-coded aerosol containers (red for placebo, yellow for nutrient formulation), so that the clinical investigators and subjects would be unaware which container contained which formulation.

Twenty-six subjects were recruited (19 successfully completed the entire study) to participate in a double-blinded clinical study of the effects of the above formulation on human biological responses. All subjects were over 18 years of age and in good health. All subjects were recreationally active joggers/runners and non-smokers, and were free of any orthopedic condition.

The testing consisted of two sessions, scheduled a week apart. The subjects provided the clinical investigators with a detailed diet diary record for the 24-hour prior to the initial testing session. The subjects were also requested to follow (and record) a similar diet for the 24 hours preceding the second testing session. The subjects were asked to refrain from vigorous exercise, caffeine and alcohol for the 24 hours prior to each testing session.

Both the initial testing session and subsequent second testing session consisted of an identical graded treadmill exercise regimen, which is described below:

Warm up (6 minutes @ 3.5 mph/2.5% grade) Rest Period 1 (3 minute rest and don heart rate monitor) Stage 1 (6 minutes @ 3.5 mph/2.5% grade) Rest Period 2 (3 minute rest) Stage 2 (6 minutes @ 3.5 mph/2.5% grade) Stage 3 (3 minutes @ 3.5 mph/4.0% grade) Stage 4 (3 minutes @ 3.5 mph/6.0% grade) Stage 5 (3 minutes @ 3.5 mph/8.0% grade and continue in 3 minute stages increasing by 0.5 mph until RER ≧ 0.97) Stage 6 (Once a RER ≧ 0.97 is reached increase by 0.5 mph every 30 seconds until volitional fatigue is achieved.)

At the same point in each testing session (2 minutes into Rest Period 2), subjects were administered a single dose of one of the color-coded aerosol containers, which consisted of 4 sprays of the aerosol container under the tongue, or approximately 0.48 ml. The color-coded container used in the first testing session was chosen at random, and neither the clinical investigators nor subjects were aware of whether they were administered the nutrient formulation or placebo formulation. The remaining color-coded container was then used in the second session.

For both the initial session and second session, each subject's heart-rate was measured and recorded during the last 15 seconds of each Stage of the above exercise regimen. The average heart-rate reading during the 15 second period was recorded. RER, or Respiratory Exchange Ratio, was also measured and used to determine the duration of each subject's test regimen, as described above.

Given the ultra low amounts (<1% RDA) of each of the vitamins, minerals and amino acids present in the tested nutrient formulation, one would have normally expected to see no appreciable difference in any biological responses between subjects taking the nutrient formulation and those taking a placebo. However, it was unexpectedly and surprisingly discovered that even the single dose of the above nutrient formulation had an appreciable, measurable, and consistent effect on the subjects' biological responses, particularly, their heart rate. FIG. 1 provides the results of the clinical testing, in the form of a chart comparing the average heart-rate measurements (for all subjects and both testing sessions) for those subjects taking the placebo and those taking the nutrient formulation.

As can be seen in FIG. 1, at each stage of the graded treadmill exercise test, those subjects taking the nutrient formulation surprisingly and unexpectedly exhibited a higher heart rate as compared to those subjects taking the placebo formulation. It is believed that these test results are indicative of certain of the advantages of the present technology; namely, the ability to regulate biological functions using a formulation, composition, method, or system which utilizes ultra-low amounts of vitamins, minerals, or other active ingredients.

The invention has now been described in such full, clear, concise and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to which it pertains, to practice the same. It is to be understood that the foregoing describes preferred embodiments and examples of the invention and that modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as set forth in the claims. 

1. A nutrient formulation, comprising: about 1.5×10⁻⁵ g magnesium; about 2.25×10⁻⁵ g sodium; about 3.369×10⁻⁵ g potassium; about 1.497×10⁻⁵ g calcium; about 1.25×10⁻⁴ g ascorbic acid; about 2.37×10⁻⁵ g caffeine; about 2.5×10⁻⁶ g niacin; about 9.4×10⁻⁸ g chromium; about 1.56×10⁻⁵ g coenzyme Q-10; about 6.24×10⁻⁴ g L-glutamine; about 6.24×10⁻⁴ g L-arginine' about 2.6×10⁻⁶ g vitamin A; about 4×10⁻⁸ g vitamin B1; about 3×10⁻⁸ g vitamin B2; about 4.3×10⁻⁷ g vitamin B3; about 4.3×10⁻⁷ vitamin B6; about 1×10⁻¹⁰ g vitamin B12; about 1.3×10⁻⁶ g vitamin C; about 2×10⁻⁷ g vitamin D3; about 2×10⁻⁸ g vitamin E; about 4×10⁻⁹ g vitamin H; about 4×10⁻⁹ g folic acid; about 2.0×10⁻⁸ g copper; about 1×10⁻⁹ g potassium iodide; about 1.7×10⁻⁷ g iron; about 8.7×10⁻⁷ g calcium carbonate; or about 1.4×10⁻⁷ g zinc' wherein administering a dose of the formulation to an individual results in an increase in heart rate in the individual.
 2. The formulation of claim 1, wherein the nutrient formulation is incorporated in a delivery system capable of avoiding first pass metabolism.
 3. The formulation of claim 2, wherein the delivery system is an oral film, an oral spray, an oral strip, a lozenge, a dragee, an oral powder, a powder for inhalation, a nasal spray, or a troche. 